{"id":8498,"date":"2022-04-04T14:16:02","date_gmt":"2022-04-04T11:16:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unicount.eu\/?p=8498"},"modified":"2024-08-22T14:37:43","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T11:37:43","slug":"nasil-estonyada-bir-sirket-kurdum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unicount.eu\/tr\/nasil-estonyada-bir-sirket-kurdum\/","title":{"rendered":"Nas\u0131l Estonya’da bir \u015firket kurdum?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Unicount’\u0131n “\u015firket kurmak bir alan ad\u0131 kayd\u0131 yapmak kadar kolay olmal\u0131” dedi\u011fi me\u015fhur bir s\u00f6z\u00fc var. Bu c\u00fcmleyi ilk okudu\u011fumda ger\u00e7ekten kafam\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ne bir \u015firket kurmak ne de bir alan ad\u0131 kaydetmek benim kula\u011f\u0131ma kolay geliyordu. Estonya’da \u015firket kurmam\u0131n \u00fczerinden birka\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. \u015eimdi ise bunun neden ve nas\u0131l iddia edildi\u011fi kadar kolay oldu\u011funu anlatmak i\u00e7in buraday\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye’de \u015firket kurma s\u00fcreci b\u00fcrokrasi, evrak i\u015fleri ve gizli masraflar demektir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak y\u00f6netebilece\u011fim ve Avrupa \u00fclkelerindeki m\u00fc\u015fterilerime fatura kesebilece\u011fim bir firmaya ihtiyac\u0131m vard\u0131. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Estonya e-Residency program\u0131 ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u015eirket kurma s\u00fcrecinin kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u015f\u00fcpheci olmama ra\u011fmen, denemeye karar verdim. E-Residency sistemine giri\u015f, Estonya vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmayanlar i\u00e7in bir e-resident kart\u0131na sahip olmakla ba\u015flar. Bu konuyla ilgili nas\u0131l Estonya e-resident kart\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131r <\/a>ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 blog yaz\u0131m\u0131 da okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E-resident kart\u0131 sahipleri i\u00e7in Estonya’da bir \u015firket kurman\u0131n birka\u00e7 yolu vard\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u015firket kay\u0131tlar\u0131 e-Ticaret Sicili <\/a>arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131labilir. Tek bir y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi olan ve tek kuruculu\/hissedarl\u0131 \u015firketler i\u00e7in Unicount’\u0131n \u015firket kurma API hizmeti <\/a>harika bir se\u00e7enektir. Kuraca\u011f\u0131m \u015firketimin benden ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi daha oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ben bu s\u00fcreci e-Ticaret Sicili \u00fczerinden ba\u015flatt\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estonya’da ikamet etmeyen bir \u015firket kurucusunun, \u015firketi i\u00e7in bir Estonya \u015firket adresi veya irtibat ki\u015fisine sahip oldu\u011funuzdan emin olmas\u0131 gerekir. T\u00fcm Estonya \u015firketlerinin Estonya’da bir adresi ve e\u011fer adresleri Estonya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olacaksa Estonya Ticaret Kanununa g\u00f6re bir irtibat ki\u015fisi olmas\u0131 gerekir. Benim gibi Estonya’da ikamet etmiyorsan\u0131z sanal bir ofis adresi veya irtibat ki\u015fisi aboneli\u011fi<\/a> hizmeti sat\u0131n alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Benim \u015firketiminin sanal ofis veya irtibat ki\u015fisi hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, e-resident kart\u0131 ba\u015fvurumda da belirtti\u011fim gibi, Unicount \u015firketiydi. Canl\u0131 destek hizmetlerinin kalitesini ve \u00fcyelik panosunun kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nca, Unicount fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n piyasa ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ek. Ayr\u0131ca, Unicount’\u0131n e-Residency ba\u015fvuruma ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce bir\u00e7ok sorumu yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f olan \u00e7ok kapsaml\u0131 bir destek makaleleri koleksiyonu<\/a> da var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unicount ile sanal ofis paketi aboneli\u011fine kaydolurken bir Smart-ID kayd\u0131<\/a> da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdim. Smart-ID kullanmak, giri\u015f yapmak ve dok\u00fcman imzalamak i\u00e7in kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z e-resident kimlik kart\u0131na k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok pratik bir y\u00f6ntem. Kart\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 cihaz\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011flaman\u0131z gerekmiyor ve Smart-ID kayd\u0131 ile olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z PIN1 ve PIN2 kodlar\u0131n\u0131 girmeniz yeterlidir. Bu sayede hem donan\u0131m, hem de taray\u0131c\u0131 eklentileri nedenizle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fman\u0131z olas\u0131 sorunlarla u\u011fra\u015fman\u0131z gerekmiyor. E\u011fer e-resident kart\u0131 sahibiyseniz nas\u0131l Smart-ID kayd\u0131<\/a>n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bu makaleye bir g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz. Estonya Ticaret Sicili’ne Smart-ID ile giri\u015f yapabilirsiniz ancak imza atman\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Unicount veya Estonya Vergi ve G\u00fcmr\u00fck Kurulu internet sitelerinde i\u015fe yarayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estonya Ticaret Sicili limitet \u015firket kayd\u0131nda 13 a\u015fama vard\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurumda bu ad\u0131mlarda istenen bilgileri do\u011fru bir bi\u00e7imde sa\u011flamama yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan bu k\u0131lavuza<\/a> ba\u015fvurman\u0131z\u0131 kesinlikle tavsiye ederim. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Birinci ad\u0131mda \u015firket ad\u0131 se\u00e7imi var. Se\u00e7ti\u011finiz \u015firket ad\u0131na benzer ba\u015fka isimler varsa bu benzer isimler k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 renkte kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Bu durumda se\u00e7ti\u011finiz ismin reddedilme ihtimali her zaman vard\u0131r. Ancak bu karar\u0131 Tartu \u0130li Mahkemesi verir. \u0130sminiz reddedilirse ekstra \u00fccret \u00f6demeden, ba\u015fvurunuzda isminizi de\u011fi\u015ftirerek tekrar de\u011ferlendirilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130kinci ad\u0131mda ise \u015firketinizin ofis adresini ve email adresini girmeniz gerekiyor. Ben Unicount \u015firketinden hizmet ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u00e7in bana verilen sanal ofis adresi ve Unicount \u015firket email adresini kulland\u0131m. Bireysel email adresinizi kullanman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye etmiyorum \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ok fazla istenmeyen e-posta sorunu ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Unicount’\u0131n eesti.ee uzant\u0131l\u0131 email adresleri istenmeyen e-postalara kar\u015f\u0131 korumal\u0131d\u0131r. Kendi \u015firketiniz i\u00e7in nas\u0131l eesti.ee uzant\u0131l\u0131 email adresinizi aktive edece\u011finizi \u00f6\u011frenmek isterseniz Unicount k\u0131lavuzuna<\/a> bir g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ad\u0131mda \u015firketinizin ana faaliyet konusuna uygun olarak bir faaliyet kodu (EMTAK) se\u00e7imi var. Bu konu biraz kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olabiliyor. Birden fazla faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u015firketler var ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00e7oklu se\u00e7im yapmak istiyorlar. Ancak, Estonya Ticaret Sicili’nde birden fazla faaliyet kodu se\u00e7mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Se\u00e7ilen kod daha sonra da de\u011fi\u015ftirilemiyor ama bu konuda panik yapman\u0131za hi\u00e7 gerek yok! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hala \u015firketinizle birden fazla faaliyet g\u00f6sterebilirsiniz. Sene sonu faaliyet raporunuzu sundu\u011funuzda otomatik olarak \u015firketinizin EMTAK kodu ana faaliyet konunuza g\u00f6re g\u00fcncellenecektir. E\u011fer kripto para ticareti gibi lisans gerektiren bir faaliyet g\u00f6stermiyorsan\u0131z en uygun oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz faaliyet kodunu se\u00e7ebilirsiniz. Mali y\u0131l s\u00fcresi ve tarihi otomatik olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmemelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc ad\u0131mda \u015firketin y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeleri, kurucular\u0131 ve irtibat ki\u015fisi \u00fcyelerinin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 eklemeniz bekleniyor. Burada dikkat edilmesi gerek \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131, “personal identification code” yani kimlik numaran\u0131z\u0131n e-resident kart\u0131n\u0131zda olan kimlik numaran\u0131z olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi. T.C. kimlik numaran\u0131z ile Estonya Ticaret Sicili’ne kay\u0131t olamazs\u0131n\u0131z! Bu nedenle \u00fclke se\u00e7imini de size e-resident kart\u0131n\u0131 veren \u00fclke olan Estonya olarak se\u00e7melisiniz. Sistem otomatik olarak kurucu oldu\u011funuz i\u00e7in sizi y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyesi olarak \u00f6nerir. Benim gibi birden fazla y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeniz varsa bu ki\u015filerin de adlar\u0131n\u0131 ve Estonya kimlik numaralar\u0131n\u0131 veya e-resident kimlik kart\u0131 numaralar\u0131n\u0131 bilmeniz gerekir. Y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerinizin ve \u015firket kurucular\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli bir Estonya kimlik kart\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve bu kartla \u015firket kurma ba\u015fvurunuzu imzalayabiliyor olmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fini l\u00fctfen unutmay\u0131n! “Term of office” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerinin ve irtibat ki\u015filerinin g\u00f6rev s\u00fcrelerini tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz. \u015eirket kurucusu se\u00e7iminde de \u015firketin hisse sermayesini \u00f6deyecek olan sizler ve varsa ba\u015fka ortaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n bilgilerini ekleyebilirsiniz. Bir e-resident olarak asl\u0131nda Estonya’da ikamet etmedi\u011finiz i\u00e7in bu a\u015famada ger\u00e7ek a\u00e7\u0131k adresinizi belirtin. “Other roles” se\u00e7ece\u011fi alt\u0131nda e\u011fer Estonya d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir adres kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z “contact person” yani irtibat ki\u015fisi bilgilerinizi de eklemeyi unutmay\u0131n. E\u011fer Estonya’da ikamet eden bir y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyeniz veya kurucunuz varsa, irtibat ki\u015fisi eklemeniz gerekmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be\u015finci ad\u0131m, sermaye \u00f6demesi ile ilgilidir. Minimum sermaye \u00f6demesi 0,01 Euro’dur ancak bana en az 1 Euro kaydetmem tavsiye edildi. Ancak, \u015firket kurulu\u015fum s\u0131ras\u0131nda bu i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in var olmayan \u015firketim ad\u0131na bir banka hesab\u0131m yoktu. Bu konuda Unicount Deste\u011fi ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7tim ve \u015firketimi kurup ard\u0131ndan bir i\u015fletme bankas\u0131 hesab\u0131 a\u00e7arak sermaye miktar\u0131n\u0131 yat\u0131rmam\u0131 tavsiye ettiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alt\u0131nc\u0131 ad\u0131mda ise \u015firket ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini olu\u015fturmak var. Burada kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00f6zelle\u015ftirebilece\u011finiz se\u00e7imler \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ben Unicount’un k\u0131lavuzuna<\/a> birebir uyarak se\u00e7imlerimi yapt\u0131m. De\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fim tek se\u00e7enek 2.5. numaral\u0131 “legal reserve” yani pey ak\u00e7esi se\u00e7ene\u011fi oldu. \u0130leride bu maddede belirtilen pey ak\u00e7esi oran\u0131 nedeniyle muhasebe kaynakl\u0131 sorunlar ya\u015famak istemedi\u011fim i\u00e7in \u015firketimin pey ak\u00e7esi oran\u0131n\u0131 %0 olarak belirledim. Bir di\u011fer ayr\u0131nt\u0131 olarak da ileride \u015firket masraf\u0131 olarak g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere 265 Euro olan Ticaret Sicili bedelini 4. maddede “foundation expenses” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda belirttim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yedinci ad\u0131mda eklemeniz gereken dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131 se\u00e7ebilirsiniz. \u00d6rnek olarak, bir ticari markay\u0131 kullanma hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funuzu kan\u0131tlayan bir belge verilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sekizinci ad\u0131mda \u015firketinizin g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak KDV kayd\u0131n\u0131 yapmak var. Estonya \u015firketleri y\u0131ll\u0131k vergilendirilebilir gelirleri 40.000 Euro’yu a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak KDV’ye kaydolurlar. Halihaz\u0131rda bu miktar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan bir \u015firketiniz varsa e\u011fer bu se\u00e7imi yapabilirsiniz. Benim \u015firketim hen\u00fcz faaliyet g\u00f6stermemi\u015fti ve bu nedenle KDV kayd\u0131 gerekli de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dokuzuncu ad\u0131mda \u015firketin maliklerini (beneficial owners) eklemek var. Kurucusu oldu\u011fum \u015firketin tek maliki ben oldu\u011fum i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir ki\u015fi olarak kendi bilgilerimi ekledim. \u00d6zel ki\u015fi kurucular\u0131 olan Estonya \u015firketlerinde standart se\u00e7im, hisselerin %25’inden fazlas\u0131na sahip olan her hissedar i\u00e7in do\u011frudan m\u00fclkiyet (direct ownership) \u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onuncu ad\u0131mda ise \u015firketinizin Estonya’da ikamet eden gelecek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n kayd\u0131n\u0131 yapmak var. Ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131z olacaksa bu kayd\u0131 muhasebe ve vergi uzman\u0131n\u0131za b\u0131rakmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On birinci, on ikinci ve on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famalarda ba\u015fvuruyu onaylay\u0131p, ba\u015fvuru devlet bedelini \u00f6dedikten sonra imzalayarak de\u011ferlendirmeye g\u00f6ndermek var. 265 Euro devlet \u00fccreti \u00f6demesini havale edebilece\u011fim bir Euro hesab\u0131m olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu noktada bir sorun ya\u015fad\u0131m. Ama Unicount Destek bana bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sundu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u015fansl\u0131yd\u0131m. Unicount’ta kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6deme y\u00f6ntemimden eyalet \u00fccreti tutar\u0131n\u0131 tahsil ettiler. Ard\u0131ndan devlet \u00fccretini benim ad\u0131ma Ticaret Sicili’ne havale ettiler. B\u00f6ylece uluslararas\u0131 para transferi yapmak ve paran\u0131n gelmesi i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn beklemek zorunda kalmad\u0131m. Zaman ve b\u00fct\u00e7e tasarrufu sa\u011flayan bir yard\u0131md\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u015firketim ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7erisinde kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eirket kurulu\u015f ba\u015fvurular\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u00fcm y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerinin dijital imzas\u0131n\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011fu unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle DigiDoc4 yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Estonya kimlik kart\u0131yla dijital olarak Ticaret Sicili’ne giri\u015f yap\u0131p imza atamayan y\u00f6netim kurulu \u00fcyelerini eklememelisiniz. Estonya’da bir \u015firket kaydetme deneyimim, Unicount ekibinin yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla kolayla\u015ft\u0131. Estonya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ba\u015fvurular\u0131 bir veya iki i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131yor. Unicount’\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015firket olu\u015fturma API’\u0131n\u0131 kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrsek, 4 saatten daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Ticaret Sicili \u00fczerinden bir \u015firket kayd\u0131 yapmak harika bir deneyimdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okudu\u011funuz i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcrler!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unicount ile \u015firket kurma yolculu\u011fumu \u00f6\u011frenmekten keyif ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 umar\u0131m ve kendi i\u015f kurma giri\u015fimlerinizde ba\u015far\u0131lar dilerim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unicount’\u0131n “\u015firket kurmak bir alan ad\u0131 kayd\u0131 yapmak kadar kolay olmal\u0131” dedi\u011fi me\u015fhur bir s\u00f6z\u00fc var. Bu c\u00fcmleyi ilk okudu\u011fumda ger\u00e7ekten kafam\u0131n kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ne bir \u015firket kurmak ne de bir alan ad\u0131 kaydetmek benim kula\u011f\u0131ma kolay geliyordu. Estonya’da \u015firket kurmam\u0131n \u00fczerinden birka\u00e7 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. \u015eimdi ise bunun neden ve nas\u0131l iddia edildi\u011fi kadar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[74,101],"class_list":["post-8498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-tr","tag-tips","tag-turkish"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNas\u0131l Estonya'da bir \u015firket kurdum? | Unicount<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/unicount.eu\/tr\/nasil-estonyada-bir-sirket-kurdum\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nas\u0131l Estonya'da bir \u015firket kurdum?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Unicount’\u0131n “\u015firket kurmak bir alan ad\u0131 kayd\u0131 yapmak kadar kolay olmal\u0131” dedi\u011fi me\u015fhur bir s\u00f6z\u00fc var. 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