{"id":17583,"date":"2023-12-15T11:33:56","date_gmt":"2023-12-15T09:33:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/unicount.eu\/?p=17583"},"modified":"2024-10-14T12:04:57","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T09:04:57","slug":"estonya-e-resident-kart-sahipleri-neden-sahis-sirketi-kurmamalidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/unicount.eu\/tr\/estonya-e-resident-kart-sahipleri-neden-sahis-sirketi-kurmamalidir\/","title":{"rendered":"Estonya e-resident kart sahipleri neden \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi kurmamal\u0131d\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bu makalede, Estonya’da limitet \u015firket sahibi olmakla \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi olarak kaydolmak aras\u0131ndaki temel farklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca bir i\u015fletme kayd\u0131 yapman\u0131n di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemlerini inceleyece\u011fiz ve uzaktan bir \u015firketi \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in en iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn ne oldu\u011funu merak eden, ilk kez \u015firket kuracak ki\u015filere tavsiyelerimizi verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

E-resident kart sahipleri i\u00e7in bug\u00fcne kadarki en pop\u00fcler \u015firket t\u00fcr\u00fc O\u00dc (osa\u00fching veya limitet \u015firket) olmu\u015ftur. \u015eubat 2023’ten itibaren Estonya limitet \u015firketleri 1 euro sent hisse sermayesi<\/a> ile kurulabilmektedir. Bu tarihten \u00f6nce baz\u0131 ki\u015filer, asgari sermaye tutar\u0131n\u0131n 2500 Euro olmas\u0131 nedeniyle limitet \u015firket kurmay\u0131 iki kez d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. 265 Euro tutar\u0131ndaki \u015firket tescil devlet \u00fccreti, \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi kurmak i\u00e7in \u00f6deyece\u011finiz 20 Euro’nun on kat\u0131ndan daha fazlad\u0131r. Ancak, Estonya’daki bir limitet \u015firketini \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketlerinin tek avantaj\u0131 kurulu\u015f maliyetidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estonya’da ikameti olmayanlar i\u00e7in vergi karma\u015fas\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Estonya \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi sahipleri, Estonya’da elde ettikleri gelirler \u00fczerinden ki\u015fisel gelir vergisi ve sosyal vergi ile vergilendirilir. Bu vergiler, Estonya \u015firketinizden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan karlar<\/a> \u00fczerinden \u00f6deyece\u011finiz kurumsal gelir vergisine k\u0131yasla daha y\u00fcksek olabilir. Estonya’da ikameti olmayanlar i\u00e7in ki\u015fisel vergilendirme, uluslararas\u0131 vergi anla\u015fmalar\u0131 ve \u00e7ifte vergilendirme riski nedeniyle karma\u015f\u0131k hale gelebilir. Estonya’da \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi sahibi olarak kay\u0131tl\u0131 olman\u0131z vergi mukimli\u011finizi de\u011fi\u015ftirmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estonya Vergi ve G\u00fcmr\u00fck Kurulu, \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi sahibinin ticari faaliyetlerinden elde etti\u011fi gelir ve giderlerin, ki\u015fisel gelir vergisi beyannamesinin E Formu’nda y\u0131ll\u0131k olarak ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 raporunu al\u0131r. Form E, her bir giderin vergi indirimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmayacak bir i\u015f gideri veya ki\u015fisel gider olarak belirlendi\u011fi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131t tutma anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Ki\u015fisel gelir vergisi, ikinci y\u0131ldan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere y\u0131lda iki kez pe\u015fin olarak \u00f6denecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estonya’da \u015fah\u0131s sahipleri ayn\u0131 zamanda kendi sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortalar\u0131ndan ve sosyal g\u00fcvenlik katk\u0131 paylar\u0131ndan da sorumludurlar. Bu, Estonya sosyal g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 ayda bir \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Estonya’da ya\u015fam\u0131yor veya seyahat etmiyorsan\u0131z, burada sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131 yapt\u0131rman\u0131z mant\u0131kl\u0131 olmayacakt\u0131r. 2024’teki asgari \u00f6deme \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6nem ba\u015f\u0131na 717,55 Euro’dur. Ba\u015fka bir AB \u00fclkesinde sosyal vergi \u00f6dedi\u011finizi A1 vergi belgesiyle kan\u0131tlayabilirseniz bu \u00f6demenin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eah\u0131s \u015eirketi Sahiplerinin Yasal Durumu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u015eah\u0131s \u015firketleri ayr\u0131 bir t\u00fczel ki\u015filik sa\u011flamaz ve siz, t\u00fcm sorumlulu\u011fu \u00fcstlenerek i\u015f y\u00fcr\u00fcten ger\u00e7ek bir ki\u015fisinizdir. Bu, ticari bor\u00e7 ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerden ki\u015fisel olarak sorumlu olmak ve varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 riske atmak anlam\u0131na gelir. Yasalar\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlemeleri anlamak ve bunlara uymak, profesyonel bir muhasebeciye sahip olmayan Estonya vatanda\u015f\u0131 \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi sahipleri i\u00e7in bile \u00e7ok zor bir i\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Limitet \u015firketler kapitalizmin tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Bundan \u00f6nce insanlar, giri\u015fimcili\u011fin mevcut tek bi\u00e7imi olan genel ortakl\u0131klar veya bir i\u015fletmenin ki\u015fisel m\u00fclkiyeti \u015feklinde daha fazla risk al\u0131yordu. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen i\u015f riski, ticari bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6deyemedi\u011finizde m\u00fclk\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc ve hatta \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc kaybetmek anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bankac\u0131l\u0131k ve Finansman<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Estonya’da ikameti olmayan \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi sahibi biri olarak bir banka hesab\u0131 a\u00e7mak neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131r, ancak teorik olarak ki\u015fisel banka hesab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 herhangi bir \u00fclkede kullanabilirsiniz. Unicount bankac\u0131l\u0131k makalesinde<\/a> belirtildi\u011fi gibi, Estonya bankalar\u0131 fiziksel olarak \u015fubede olman\u0131z\u0131 ister ve Estonya’da yerle\u015fik olmayan hesap ba\u015fvurular\u0131 \u00fczerinde inceleme uygular. Kurumsal bir yap\u0131n\u0131n olmamas\u0131, belirli i\u015fletme finansman\u0131 se\u00e7eneklerine eri\u015fimi de k\u0131s\u0131tlayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eah\u0131s \u015firketleri, bir i\u015fletmeyi d\u0131\u015f finansmanla<\/a> \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirmeye uygun de\u011fildir. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar ve ortaklar, limitet \u015firketleri daha g\u00fcvenilir olarak alg\u0131l\u0131yor ve bir nedenden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc, bireysel olarak gelecekteki geliriniz i\u00e7in birisine \u00f6zsermaye veya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir senetler veremezsiniz. \u00d6nemli bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme hedefleyen veya yat\u0131r\u0131m aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan kimseler, bir limitet \u015firket kurmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Limitet \u015firketin tescili<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Estonya’da yerle\u015fik olmayan biri olarak noterde<\/a> veya e-resident olarak Unicount hizmetlerini<\/a> veya Ticaret Sicilini<\/a> kullanarak bir limitet \u015firket (O\u00dc) a\u00e7abilirsiniz. \u015eirket a\u00e7arken ana gider kalemi 265 avroluk devlet \u00fccreti olacak. Bir \u015firket kurduktan sonra bir ticari banka hesab\u0131 a\u00e7abilir ve ticarete ba\u015flayabilirsiniz. Hen\u00fcz e-resident de\u011filseniz noter kullanmak tek se\u00e7enektir. Bu durumda devlet \u00fccretine ek olarak noter \u00fccretinin de \u00f6denmesi gerekir. Katk\u0131da bulunulan sermaye daha sonra ticari faaliyetler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Limitet \u015firket, Unicount \u015firket kurma API’\u0131 sayesinde bir sonraki i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcnde h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde kurulacakt\u0131r. Bu durumda standart \u015firket ana s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin<\/a> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Normal s\u00fcre\u00e7ler daha yava\u015ft\u0131r, 5 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc kadar s\u00fcrer, ancak de\u011fi\u015ftirilen makaleler ile ba\u015fvuru sunman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sermayenin parasal ve parasal olmayan katk\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tipik olarak kurucu, hisse sermayesine nakit olarak katk\u0131da bulunur. Her hissedar\u0131n en az 1 euro cent \u00f6demesi gerekir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1 euro, bir limitet \u015firketteki hissenin en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011feridir. Ancak para yerine maddi mal veya haklar da kullan\u0131labilir. Bunu yapmak i\u00e7in \u015firket kurulu\u015fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve parasal olmayan katk\u0131lara izin verilmesi gerekir. Bu durumda, parasal olmayan bir katk\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir anla\u015fman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, m\u00fclk\u00fcn veya hakk\u0131n de\u011ferine ili\u015fkin y\u00f6netim kurulu onay\u0131n\u0131n Ticaret Siciline ibraz edilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u011fer giri\u015fimcilik bi\u00e7imleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In Estonia, it is also possible to engage in entrepreneurial activity in the form of FIE (sole proprietor, f\u00fc\u00fcsilisest isikust ettev\u00f5tja), tulundus\u00fchistu (commercial cooperative), U\u00dc (usaldus\u00fching, limited partnership) and T\u00dc (t\u00e4is\u00fching, general partnership). Registration of AS (aktsiaselts, joint stock company) is an opportunity that solopreneurs usually cannot take advantage of due to the high minimum share capital requirement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estonya’da FIE (\u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi, f\u00fc\u00fcsilisest isikust ettev\u00f5tja), tulundus\u00fchistu (ticari kooperatif), U\u00dc (s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ortakl\u0131k, usaldus\u00fching) ve T\u00dc (genel ortakl\u0131k, t\u00e4is\u00fching) \u015feklinde giri\u015fimcilik faaliyetinde bulunmak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. AS’nin (anonim \u015firketi, aktsiaselts) tescili, y\u00fcksek asgari sermaye gereksinimi nedeniyle tek giri\u015fimcilerin genellikle yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okudu\u011funuz i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcrler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Umar\u0131z bu makaleyi be\u011fenmi\u015fsinizdir. Daha fazla sorunuz varsa Unicount’\u0131n kapsaml\u0131 destek makalelerine g\u00f6z at\u0131n<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu makalede, Estonya’da limitet \u015firket sahibi olmakla \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi olarak kaydolmak aras\u0131ndaki temel farklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z. Ayr\u0131ca bir i\u015fletme kayd\u0131 yapman\u0131n di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemlerini inceleyece\u011fiz ve uzaktan bir \u015firketi \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in en iyi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn ne oldu\u011funu merak eden, ilk kez \u015firket kuracak ki\u015filere tavsiyelerimizi verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":17526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[70,101],"class_list":["post-17583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-tr","tag-estonian-company","tag-turkish"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEstonya e-resident kart sahipleri neden \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi kurmamal\u0131d\u0131r? | Unicount<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Estonya e-resident kart sahiplerinin neden \u015fah\u0131s \u015firketi kurmamalar\u0131 gerekir? 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